Issue 53 - June 2019

Editorial: A New Beginning

Eleanor Drew

The Excavations of Polonnaruva: The Impact of Socio-Political Interpretation

Danielle Nicole Silverman

The Changing Face of Italy: Exploring key changes in the Italian rural settlement landscape between 300-800 CE

Alexander S. Howson

Thorwald’s Cross. The left side depicts Norse god Odin battling Fenrir at Ragnarok; the right has Christian iconography (BBC 2018).

The Utilisation of Memory in the Creation and Sustenance of Social Identity

Olivia Little

A carved reindeer bone from a midden at Sumtangen (author’s own illustration). The runic inscription reads ‘ottar a’ (Óttár owns [this]). These name tags with a personal name and the verb ‘a’ are commonly found in middens in Norwegian towns (Indrelid and Hufthammer 2011, 45).

Climatic and Cultural Factors Affecting an Environmental History of the Medieval Period

Alison Owen

Egyptian Kingship and Godhood in the 3rd Millennium BC

Claudia Eco